英语四级考试阅读技巧
详略得当
对于大学英语四级阅读来说，根据题目的“题眼”快速在文章中找到答案是最关键的，这样我们就要在阅读时注意详略得当。克服精读精益求精的*惯，做到有信息处精读，无信息处略读，略读处一扫而过。
题目中数字、人名等信息(题眼)在原文中对应的部分必须详读。而对所要解释或证明的观点的细节举例处或者通常有数个名词的.并列项，它们不是完整的主谓宾的句子，因此无法与问题对应的详细列举处，都可以略读。
显性信息
查读的信息通常是显性信息，只要将问题在原文中进行准确定位就能得到正确答案，一般不需要做推理。
特别提示：考生对于以下一些显性信息也应注意
(1) 表示因果关系的词或词组：because， reason， due to， since， so that， therefore等
(2) 表示目的关系的词或词组：in order to， so as to， by等
(3) 表示转折关系的词或词组：but， however， yet等
(4) 表示对比关系的词或词组：contrary to， unlike， like等
题文同序
英语四级考试的阅读部分，问题顺序与原文顺序一致(有时顺序不一致)，这就要求考生应该按照题目的顺序依次做题。
分解对应
分解对应四分法：快速将问题分解成4个部分(主a 谓b宾c 其他d)，与原文进行对比。
选大不选小
四级阅读中，问题的范围必须小于原文范围，反之则不选。
不能选的选项为：
(1) 选项的信息与原文内容相反
(2) 选项将原文的意思张冠李戴
(3) 将原文中的不确定因素转化为确定因素
(4) 改变原文中的条件、范围等
——全国大学英语四级考试的作文 (菁华3篇)
to swim the english channel takes at least nine hours. its hard work and it makes you short of breath. to fly over the channel takes only twenty minutes as long as youre not held up at the airport, but its an expensive way to travel. you can travel by hovercraft if you dont mind the noise and that takes forty minutes. otherwise, you can go by boat, if you remember sea-sickness pills. all these means of transport have their problems, and the weary traveler often dreams of being able to drive to france in his own car. not possible, you say. well, wait a minute people are once again considering the idea of a channel tunnel or bridge. this time , the great london council is looking into the possibility of building a channel link straight to london. a bridge would cost far more a tunnel, but you would be able to go by rail or by car on a bridge, whereas a tunnel would provide a rail link only.
why is this idea being discussed again? is britain realizing the need for links with europe as a result of joining eec? well, perhaps. the main reason , though, is that a tunnel or bridge would reach the twenty square kilometers of londons discussed stimulate trade and revitalise the port, and would ,make london a main trading center in europe. with a link over the channel, you could buy your fish and chips in england and be able to eat them in france while they are still warm!
on college campuses across the nation, there is a noticeable phenomenon that we cannot afford to ignore: far too many young college students lack the sense of gratitude, one of the countless traditional virtues of this ancient land with a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years. these young *s were not and are not aware of the huge importance of expressing gratitude to those who once helped them, from teachers to parents and so forth.
personally, i deem that the root cause of students without a graceful heart is that they receive an education not valuing the moral sphere. i strongly believe that joint efforts from folks across society are the final remedy for this social headache. as young university students of the new era, we should make our own contributions to this cause. imagine a world without the sense of gratitude. this kind of world is doomed to failure. sim* put, we should join our hands to heighten our awareness of fostering a graceful heart. only in this way can we build our society into a harmonious one. my fellow students, i beg you to act from now on.
nowadays the people are enjoying a more comfortable life and many people are suffering from obesity. thus， losing weight becomes very popular.
however, weight reducing is a tricky topic. some people lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measures. this will not help them lose weight since they usually gain back all of the pounds they lost because they havent permanently changed their habits. whats worse, sometimes these extreme measures will affect the individuals health.
in my view, before one decides to lose weight, he first of all should make it clear whether he should or not lose weight. the best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to a doctor or dietitian. he or she can compare your weight with healthy norms to help you set realistic goals. if it turns out that you would benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions which are widely accepted by weight reducing experts to get it started.
——公共英语四级阅读题型练*辅导 (菁华3篇)
the general house effect
the green house effect is not a new phenomenon. scientists have known for centuries that a layer of gases naturally surrounds the earth like an insulating blanket, trapping the reflected energy of the sun and preventing it from escaping into space that is what makes the earth warm enough for people, plants and animals. however, recent human activity has boosted concentrations of greenhouse gases and enhanced their heat-trapping ability. the man culprit is carbon dioxide which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming.co2 is released from burning fossil fuels and from clearing and burning forests.
there are other important greenhouse gases too and they cannot be ignored. cfcs, for example, may account for 25 per cent of global warming in the text century if their production is not scaled back. but carbon dioxide is the pivotal one. the un international panel on climatic change now says that co2 levels could double within in 40 years if present rates of fossil-fuel burning and deforestation continue. that means an average temperature increase between two and four degrees centigrade and a sea-level rise of perhaps a foot by 2050.
no one knows for certain how local weather will change as a result of this warming. but one thing is clear-it will be no picnic. indications are that the earth will be take place not over thousands of years, but over decades. and it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.
the most sophisticated com*rized climate models in the us and uk , agree that weather around the world will become more irregular and more extreme. in general, temperatures will become more towards the poles than at the equator. overall rainfall will also increase as higher temperatures boost evaporation from the seas. but the distribution of precipitation will shift. some areas will become wetter, others will be drier. in middle latitudes, climate zones will march poles-wards. in tropical and subtropical parts of the third would, warming will be less but the impact on a relatively stable climate will be greater.
global warming will also cause ocean levels to rise---though not, as popular wisdom has it, due to the antarctic ice cap melting. if this catastrophe occurs it will not be for at least another century. instead, sea levels will rise sim* because water expands as it warms. people living in low-lying coastal regions will be in danger. the world’s great river deltas, home to millions in asia and latin america and containing some of the third world’s richest food-growing land, could become brackish graveyards.
6. which gas is the most responsible for global warming?
a. carbon dioxide.
b. cfcs.
c. green houses.
d. other gases in the atmosphere.
7. what will happen if man continues to burn fossil fuels and forests at present rates?
a. all fossil fuels, like coal, oil and gas, will run out.
b. deforestation will give rise to the loss of co2.
c. the temperature will increase two to four degrees fahrenheit.
d. the rise of sea-level will reach about a foot by 2050.
8. why is the precise impact the global warming will exert on local weather hard to predict?
a. because the great changes in temperature will take place in just decades.
b. because the course of changes will last thousands of years.
c. because people are not sure whether the earth will be warmer than before.
d. because there are many other factors involved in this change.
9. which of the following is true according to the passage?
a. the earth, as a whole, will become much wetter.
b. the temperature around equator will rise more than around the poles.
c. the amount of rainfall will be the same from place to place.
d. the weather around the world will be more unusual in the next few decades.
10. it can be concluded that
a. the rise of ocean levels is due to the antarctic ice cap melting.
b. the temperature increase will take a gradual course.
c. human beings will have to suffer more from environmental damage.
d. without greenhouse gases the earth would be extremely hot.
参考答案
6.a
第一段有这样一句话：the main culprit is carbon dioxide, which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming 从这句话可以看出，二氧化碳是全球变暖的罪魁祸首，对全球变暖负有重大责任。
7.d
联合国的环境变化国际小组告诉我们：如果仍以目前的速度使用燃料并滥伐森林，到2005年，地球温度将会上升2-4摄氏度，海*面也将上升一英尺。所以c是错误的。a文章没有提到燃料是否会用尽。b 滥伐森林不但不会使二氧化碳减少，反而会使二氧化碳越来越多。
8.a
第三段最后一句话告诉我们这道题的正确答案。it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.地球的温度在十年间就升高了，变化发生的速度如此之快，使人很难预测到地球变暖对当地气候的影响。
9.d
文章的第四段指出：在美国和英国有一个非常复杂的计算机化模型，这一模型得出了世界气候越来越变化无常、越来越不规律这一结论。a一些地方会更加湿润，一些地方会更加干燥，而不是选项中所说的地球整体上会变的更加湿润。b温度在两极的增长幅度大于在赤道的增长幅度， 而不是赤道的温度增长幅度大于两极的增长幅度。c 雨量分布将发生变化，而不是选项中所说的各地的降水量相同。
10.c
文章的末尾告诉我们：环境的污染引起的全球变暖、海*面上升、气候异常以及雨量分布不均，最终给人类带来更多的不幸。a 海*面的上升并不像人们认为的那样是由于南极冰层融化引起的。
translation
11. global warming could disrupt the ability of a large portion of the world’s oceans to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, setting off a vicious cycle in which the earth gets even hotter, researchers said.
(set off使爆炸,出发; vicious adj.恶的, 堕落的;researchers said注意翻译顺序)
12. these waters around antarctica make up 10 percent of the world’s oceans and play a significant role in soaking up carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas seen as one of the main causes of global warming.
(waters水域;soak up 吸收;注意过去分词短语的翻译)
13. since carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, scientists believe a growing build-up of the gas would make the environmental problem increasingly worse.
(contribute to起作用，有助于)
14. if global warming continues with increased precipitation in the southern ocean, there will be more stratification and that will favor diatoms.
(precipitation n.仓促; stratification n.层化, 成层,; diatom n.硅藻属)
15. the study, which took place during a month -long expedition during the antarctic summer, was also one of the first to show that some types of algae absorb carbon dioxide better than others.
(expedition n.远征, 探险队; algae n.藻类, 海藻)
句子翻译：
11.研究人员表示，全球性的气候变暖可能破坏世界上大部分海洋从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力，从而引起恶性循环，使地球的气候更加炎热。
12.南极洲周围的这片水域占地球海洋面积的百分之十，在吸收二氧化碳方面起着非常重要的'作用。而二氧化碳被认为是引起温室效应的气体，是导致全球气温升高的主要原因之一。
13.科学家认为：既然是二氧化碳引起了全球气候变暖，那么二氧化碳的不断积累会环境状况进一步恶化。
14.如果全球气候继续变暖，南大洋州的沉淀反应继续增加，海水的层次就将更多。这样有利于硅藻的生长。
15.这项为期一个月的科学考察活动是在南极洲的夏季进行的，也是首批发现某些种类的海藻比其它海藻具有更强的吸收二氧化碳的能力的研究工作之一。
part d
read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into chinese.your translation should be written clearly on answer sheet.
56) fathers exposed to poisonous substances are probably just as likely to be the cause of defects in their unborn infants as mothers. yet it is women who are told to stop drinking and smoking and to look after their health when they are pregnant. and it is women who find that they are banned from jobs where they are exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation.57) despite a growing body of scientific evidence that a man s exposure to damaging substances can. affect his offspring, pregnant women are still charged with the responsibility of keeping their infants healthy, said gladys friedler, of the boston university school of medicine. "this is puzzling", she said. "most of the workforce is still male, so why do we still spend so much time looking at women? the health of men as well as women should be of concern. "
in the us,2,500,000 children are born with birth defects each year. in 60 percent of cases the origin of the defect is not known.58) these figures do not include less obvious problems that appear later in development, such as biochemical malfunctions and behavioral problems.
many researchers still seem reluctant to contemplate that a man s environment can influence the health of children. "if the effects had not been so obvious, we might still be reluctant to acknowledge the effect of environmental agents on women. " despite this, there is a reluctance to accept the accumulated evidence of men s effects on development, she said.59) some companies have already taken steps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they teps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they might be exposed to dangerous substances. this has led to some bitter dis*s between the women and their employers in the us. the most famous case, now before the supreme court, pits a group of women and their union against johnson controls, a company which makes batteries.60) the company transferred women from higher-paying jobs where they were exposed to lead on the grounds that it had to protect unborn children. the irony is that children born to me
the general house effect
the green house effect is not a new phenomenon. scientists have known for centuries that a layer of gases naturally surrounds the earth like an insulating blanket, trapping the reflected energy of the sun and preventing it from escaping into space that is what makes the earth warm enough for people, plants and animals. however, recent human activity has boosted concentrations of greenhouse gases and enhanced their heat-trapping ability. the man culprit is carbon dioxide which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming.co2 is released from burning fossil fuels and from clearing and burning forests.
there are other important greenhouse gases too and they cannot be ignored. cfcs, for example, may account for 25 per cent of global warming in the text century if their production is not scaled back. but carbon dioxide is the pivotal one. the un international panel on climatic change now says that co2 levels could double within in 40 years if present rates of fossil-fuel burning and deforestation continue. that means an average temperature increase between two and four degrees centigrade and a sea-level rise of perhaps a foot by 2050.
no one knows for certain how local weather will change as a result of this warming. but one thing is clear-it will be no picnic. indications are that the earth will be take place not over thousands of years, but over decades. and it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.
the most sophisticated com*rized climate models in the us and uk , agree that weather around the world will become more irregular and more extreme. in general, temperatures will become more towards the poles than at the equator. overall rainfall will also increase as higher temperatures boost evaporation from the seas. but the distribution of precipitation will shift. some areas will become wetter, others will be drier. in middle latitudes, climate zones will march poles-wards. in tropical and subtropical parts of the third would, warming will be less but the impact on a relatively stable climate will be greater.
global warming will also cause ocean levels to rise---though not, as popular wisdom has it, due to the antarctic ice cap melting. if this catastrophe occurs it will not be for at least another century. instead, sea levels will rise sim* because water expands as it warms. people living in low-lying coastal regions will be in danger. the world’s great river deltas, home to millions in asia and latin america and containing some of the third world’s richest food-growing land, could become brackish graveyards.
6. which gas is the most responsible for global warming?
a. carbon dioxide.
b. cfcs.
c. green houses.
d. other gases in the atmosphere.
7. what will happen if man continues to burn fossil fuels and forests at present rates?
a. all fossil fuels, like coal, oil and gas, will run out.
b. deforestation will give rise to the loss of co2.
c. the temperature will increase two to four degrees fahrenheit.
d. the rise of sea-level will reach about a foot by 2050.
8. why is the precise impact the global warming will exert on local weather hard to predict?
a. because the great changes in temperature will take place in just decades.
b. because the course of changes will last thousands of years.
c. because people are not sure whether the earth will be warmer than before.
d. because there are many other factors involved in this change.
9. which of the following is true according to the passage?
a. the earth, as a whole, will become much wetter.
b. the temperature around equator will rise more than around the poles.
c. the amount of rainfall will be the same from place to place.
d. the weather around the world will be more unusual in the next few decades.
10. it can be concluded that
a. the rise of ocean levels is due to the antarctic ice cap melting.
b. the temperature increase will take a gradual course.
c. human beings will have to suffer more from environmental damage.
d. without greenhouse gases the earth would be extremely hot.
参考答案
6.a
第一段有这样一句话：the main culprit is carbon dioxide, which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming 从这句话可以看出，二氧化碳是全球变暖的罪魁祸首，对全球变暖负有重大责任。
7.d
联合国的环境变化国际小组告诉我们：如果仍以目前的速度使用燃料并滥伐森林，到2005年，地球温度将会上升2-4摄氏度，海*面也将上升一英尺。所以c是错误的。a文章没有提到燃料是否会用尽。b 滥伐森林不但不会使二氧化碳减少，反而会使二氧化碳越来越多。
8.a
第三段最后一句话告诉我们这道题的正确答案。it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.地球的温度在十年间就升高了，变化发生的速度如此之快，使人很难预测到地球变暖对当地气候的影响。
9.d
文章的第四段指出：在美国和英国有一个非常复杂的计算机化模型，这一模型得出了世界气候越来越变化无常、越来越不规律这一结论。a一些地方会更加湿润，一些地方会更加干燥，而不是选项中所说的地球整体上会变的更加湿润。b温度在两极的增长幅度大于在赤道的增长幅度， 而不是赤道的温度增长幅度大于两极的增长幅度。c 雨量分布将发生变化，而不是选项中所说的各地的降水量相同。
10.c
文章的末尾告诉我们：环境的污染引起的全球变暖、海*面上升、气候异常以及雨量分布不均，最终给人类带来更多的不幸。a 海*面的上升并不像人们认为的那样是由于南极冰层融化引起的。
translation
11. global warming could disrupt the ability of a large portion of the world’s oceans to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, setting off a vicious cycle in which the earth gets even hotter, researchers said.
(set off使爆炸,出发; vicious adj.恶的, 堕落的;researchers said注意翻译顺序)
12. these waters around antarctica make up 10 percent of the world’s oceans and play a significant role in soaking up carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas seen as one of the main causes of global warming.
(waters水域;soak up 吸收;注意过去分词短语的翻译)
13. since carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, scientists believe a growing build-up of the gas would make the environmental problem increasingly worse.
(contribute to起作用，有助于)
14. if global warming continues with increased precipitation in the southern ocean, there will be more stratification and that will favor diatoms.
(precipitation n.仓促; stratification n.层化, 成层,; diatom n.硅藻属)
15. the study, which took place during a month -long expedition during the antarctic summer, was also one of the first to show that some types of algae absorb carbon dioxide better than others.
(expedition n.远征, 探险队; algae n.藻类, 海藻)
句子翻译：
11.研究人员表示，全球性的气候变暖可能破坏世界上大部分海洋从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力，从而引起恶性循环，使地球的气候更加炎热。
12.南极洲周围的这片水域占地球海洋面积的百分之十，在吸收二氧化碳方面起着非常重要的'作用。而二氧化碳被认为是引起温室效应的气体，是导致全球气温升高的主要原因之一。
13.科学家认为：既然是二氧化碳引起了全球气候变暖，那么二氧化碳的不断积累会环境状况进一步恶化。
14.如果全球气候继续变暖，南大洋州的沉淀反应继续增加，海水的层次就将更多。这样有利于硅藻的生长。
15.这项为期一个月的科学考察活动是在南极洲的夏季进行的，也是首批发现某些种类的海藻比其它海藻具有更强的吸收二氧化碳的能力的研究工作之一。
——公共英语四级阅读题型练*辅导 (菁华3篇)
the general house effect
the green house effect is not a new phenomenon. scientists have known for centuries that a layer of gases naturally surrounds the earth like an insulating blanket, trapping the reflected energy of the sun and preventing it from escaping into space that is what makes the earth warm enough for people, plants and animals. however, recent human activity has boosted concentrations of greenhouse gases and enhanced their heat-trapping ability. the man culprit is carbon dioxide which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming.co2 is released from burning fossil fuels and from clearing and burning forests.
there are other important greenhouse gases too and they cannot be ignored. cfcs, for example, may account for 25 per cent of global warming in the text century if their production is not scaled back. but carbon dioxide is the pivotal one. the un international panel on climatic change now says that co2 levels could double within in 40 years if present rates of fossil-fuel burning and deforestation continue. that means an average temperature increase between two and four degrees centigrade and a sea-level rise of perhaps a foot by 2050.
no one knows for certain how local weather will change as a result of this warming. but one thing is clear-it will be no picnic. indications are that the earth will be take place not over thousands of years, but over decades. and it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.
the most sophisticated com*rized climate models in the us and uk , agree that weather around the world will become more irregular and more extreme. in general, temperatures will become more towards the poles than at the equator. overall rainfall will also increase as higher temperatures boost evaporation from the seas. but the distribution of precipitation will shift. some areas will become wetter, others will be drier. in middle latitudes, climate zones will march poles-wards. in tropical and subtropical parts of the third would, warming will be less but the impact on a relatively stable climate will be greater.
global warming will also cause ocean levels to rise---though not, as popular wisdom has it, due to the antarctic ice cap melting. if this catastrophe occurs it will not be for at least another century. instead, sea levels will rise sim* because water expands as it warms. people living in low-lying coastal regions will be in danger. the world’s great river deltas, home to millions in asia and latin america and containing some of the third world’s richest food-growing land, could become brackish graveyards.
6. which gas is the most responsible for global warming?
a. carbon dioxide.
b. cfcs.
c. green houses.
d. other gases in the atmosphere.
7. what will happen if man continues to burn fossil fuels and forests at present rates?
a. all fossil fuels, like coal, oil and gas, will run out.
b. deforestation will give rise to the loss of co2.
c. the temperature will increase two to four degrees fahrenheit.
d. the rise of sea-level will reach about a foot by 2050.
8. why is the precise impact the global warming will exert on local weather hard to predict?
a. because the great changes in temperature will take place in just decades.
b. because the course of changes will last thousands of years.
c. because people are not sure whether the earth will be warmer than before.
d. because there are many other factors involved in this change.
9. which of the following is true according to the passage?
a. the earth, as a whole, will become much wetter.
b. the temperature around equator will rise more than around the poles.
c. the amount of rainfall will be the same from place to place.
d. the weather around the world will be more unusual in the next few decades.
10. it can be concluded that
a. the rise of ocean levels is due to the antarctic ice cap melting.
b. the temperature increase will take a gradual course.
c. human beings will have to suffer more from environmental damage.
d. without greenhouse gases the earth would be extremely hot.
参考答案
6.a
第一段有这样一句话：the main culprit is carbon dioxide, which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming 从这句话可以看出，二氧化碳是全球变暖的罪魁祸首，对全球变暖负有重大责任。
7.d
联合国的环境变化国际小组告诉我们：如果仍以目前的速度使用燃料并滥伐森林，到2005年，地球温度将会上升2-4摄氏度，海*面也将上升一英尺。所以c是错误的。a文章没有提到燃料是否会用尽。b 滥伐森林不但不会使二氧化碳减少，反而会使二氧化碳越来越多。
8.a
第三段最后一句话告诉我们这道题的正确答案。it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.地球的温度在十年间就升高了，变化发生的速度如此之快，使人很难预测到地球变暖对当地气候的影响。
9.d
文章的第四段指出：在美国和英国有一个非常复杂的计算机化模型，这一模型得出了世界气候越来越变化无常、越来越不规律这一结论。a一些地方会更加湿润，一些地方会更加干燥，而不是选项中所说的地球整体上会变的更加湿润。b温度在两极的增长幅度大于在赤道的增长幅度， 而不是赤道的温度增长幅度大于两极的增长幅度。c 雨量分布将发生变化，而不是选项中所说的各地的降水量相同。
10.c
文章的末尾告诉我们：环境的污染引起的全球变暖、海*面上升、气候异常以及雨量分布不均，最终给人类带来更多的不幸。a 海*面的上升并不像人们认为的那样是由于南极冰层融化引起的。
translation
11. global warming could disrupt the ability of a large portion of the world’s oceans to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, setting off a vicious cycle in which the earth gets even hotter, researchers said.
(set off使爆炸,出发; vicious adj.恶的, 堕落的;researchers said注意翻译顺序)
12. these waters around antarctica make up 10 percent of the world’s oceans and play a significant role in soaking up carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas seen as one of the main causes of global warming.
(waters水域;soak up 吸收;注意过去分词短语的翻译)
13. since carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, scientists believe a growing build-up of the gas would make the environmental problem increasingly worse.
(contribute to起作用，有助于)
14. if global warming continues with increased precipitation in the southern ocean, there will be more stratification and that will favor diatoms.
(precipitation n.仓促; stratification n.层化, 成层,; diatom n.硅藻属)
15. the study, which took place during a month -long expedition during the antarctic summer, was also one of the first to show that some types of algae absorb carbon dioxide better than others.
(expedition n.远征, 探险队; algae n.藻类, 海藻)
句子翻译：
11.研究人员表示，全球性的气候变暖可能破坏世界上大部分海洋从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力，从而引起恶性循环，使地球的气候更加炎热。
12.南极洲周围的这片水域占地球海洋面积的百分之十，在吸收二氧化碳方面起着非常重要的'作用。而二氧化碳被认为是引起温室效应的气体，是导致全球气温升高的主要原因之一。
13.科学家认为：既然是二氧化碳引起了全球气候变暖，那么二氧化碳的不断积累会环境状况进一步恶化。
14.如果全球气候继续变暖，南大洋州的沉淀反应继续增加，海水的层次就将更多。这样有利于硅藻的生长。
15.这项为期一个月的科学考察活动是在南极洲的夏季进行的，也是首批发现某些种类的海藻比其它海藻具有更强的吸收二氧化碳的能力的研究工作之一。
the general house effect
the green house effect is not a new phenomenon. scientists have known for centuries that a layer of gases naturally surrounds the earth like an insulating blanket, trapping the reflected energy of the sun and preventing it from escaping into space that is what makes the earth warm enough for people, plants and animals. however, recent human activity has boosted concentrations of greenhouse gases and enhanced their heat-trapping ability. the man culprit is carbon dioxide which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming.co2 is released from burning fossil fuels and from clearing and burning forests.
there are other important greenhouse gases too and they cannot be ignored. cfcs, for example, may account for 25 per cent of global warming in the text century if their production is not scaled back. but carbon dioxide is the pivotal one. the un international panel on climatic change now says that co2 levels could double within in 40 years if present rates of fossil-fuel burning and deforestation continue. that means an average temperature increase between two and four degrees centigrade and a sea-level rise of perhaps a foot by 2050.
no one knows for certain how local weather will change as a result of this warming. but one thing is clear-it will be no picnic. indications are that the earth will be take place not over thousands of years, but over decades. and it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.
the most sophisticated com*rized climate models in the us and uk , agree that weather around the world will become more irregular and more extreme. in general, temperatures will become more towards the poles than at the equator. overall rainfall will also increase as higher temperatures boost evaporation from the seas. but the distribution of precipitation will shift. some areas will become wetter, others will be drier. in middle latitudes, climate zones will march poles-wards. in tropical and subtropical parts of the third would, warming will be less but the impact on a relatively stable climate will be greater.
global warming will also cause ocean levels to rise---though not, as popular wisdom has it, due to the antarctic ice cap melting. if this catastrophe occurs it will not be for at least another century. instead, sea levels will rise sim* because water expands as it warms. people living in low-lying coastal regions will be in danger. the world’s great river deltas, home to millions in asia and latin america and containing some of the third world’s richest food-growing land, could become brackish graveyards.
6. which gas is the most responsible for global warming?
a. carbon dioxide.
b. cfcs.
c. green houses.
d. other gases in the atmosphere.
7. what will happen if man continues to burn fossil fuels and forests at present rates?
a. all fossil fuels, like coal, oil and gas, will run out.
b. deforestation will give rise to the loss of co2.
c. the temperature will increase two to four degrees fahrenheit.
d. the rise of sea-level will reach about a foot by 2050.
8. why is the precise impact the global warming will exert on local weather hard to predict?
a. because the great changes in temperature will take place in just decades.
b. because the course of changes will last thousands of years.
c. because people are not sure whether the earth will be warmer than before.
d. because there are many other factors involved in this change.
9. which of the following is true according to the passage?
a. the earth, as a whole, will become much wetter.
b. the temperature around equator will rise more than around the poles.
c. the amount of rainfall will be the same from place to place.
d. the weather around the world will be more unusual in the next few decades.
10. it can be concluded that
a. the rise of ocean levels is due to the antarctic ice cap melting.
b. the temperature increase will take a gradual course.
c. human beings will have to suffer more from environmental damage.
d. without greenhouse gases the earth would be extremely hot.
参考答案
6.a
第一段有这样一句话：the main culprit is carbon dioxide, which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming 从这句话可以看出，二氧化碳是全球变暖的罪魁祸首，对全球变暖负有重大责任。
7.d
联合国的环境变化国际小组告诉我们：如果仍以目前的速度使用燃料并滥伐森林，到2005年，地球温度将会上升2-4摄氏度，海*面也将上升一英尺。所以c是错误的。a文章没有提到燃料是否会用尽。b 滥伐森林不但不会使二氧化碳减少，反而会使二氧化碳越来越多。
8.a
第三段最后一句话告诉我们这道题的正确答案。it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.地球的温度在十年间就升高了，变化发生的速度如此之快，使人很难预测到地球变暖对当地气候的影响。
9.d
文章的第四段指出：在美国和英国有一个非常复杂的计算机化模型，这一模型得出了世界气候越来越变化无常、越来越不规律这一结论。a一些地方会更加湿润，一些地方会更加干燥，而不是选项中所说的地球整体上会变的更加湿润。b温度在两极的增长幅度大于在赤道的增长幅度， 而不是赤道的温度增长幅度大于两极的增长幅度。c 雨量分布将发生变化，而不是选项中所说的各地的降水量相同。
10.c
文章的末尾告诉我们：环境的污染引起的全球变暖、海*面上升、气候异常以及雨量分布不均，最终给人类带来更多的不幸。a 海*面的上升并不像人们认为的那样是由于南极冰层融化引起的。
translation
11. global warming could disrupt the ability of a large portion of the world’s oceans to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, setting off a vicious cycle in which the earth gets even hotter, researchers said.
(set off使爆炸,出发; vicious adj.恶的, 堕落的;researchers said注意翻译顺序)
12. these waters around antarctica make up 10 percent of the world’s oceans and play a significant role in soaking up carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas seen as one of the main causes of global warming.
(waters水域;soak up 吸收;注意过去分词短语的翻译)
13. since carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, scientists believe a growing build-up of the gas would make the environmental problem increasingly worse.
(contribute to起作用，有助于)
14. if global warming continues with increased precipitation in the southern ocean, there will be more stratification and that will favor diatoms.
(precipitation n.仓促; stratification n.层化, 成层,; diatom n.硅藻属)
15. the study, which took place during a month -long expedition during the antarctic summer, was also one of the first to show that some types of algae absorb carbon dioxide better than others.
(expedition n.远征, 探险队; algae n.藻类, 海藻)
句子翻译：
11.研究人员表示，全球性的气候变暖可能破坏世界上大部分海洋从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力，从而引起恶性循环，使地球的气候更加炎热。
12.南极洲周围的这片水域占地球海洋面积的百分之十，在吸收二氧化碳方面起着非常重要的'作用。而二氧化碳被认为是引起温室效应的气体，是导致全球气温升高的主要原因之一。
13.科学家认为：既然是二氧化碳引起了全球气候变暖，那么二氧化碳的不断积累会环境状况进一步恶化。
14.如果全球气候继续变暖，南大洋州的沉淀反应继续增加，海水的层次就将更多。这样有利于硅藻的生长。
15.这项为期一个月的科学考察活动是在南极洲的夏季进行的，也是首批发现某些种类的海藻比其它海藻具有更强的吸收二氧化碳的能力的研究工作之一。
part d
read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into chinese.your translation should be written clearly on answer sheet.
56) fathers exposed to poisonous substances are probably just as likely to be the cause of defects in their unborn infants as mothers. yet it is women who are told to stop drinking and smoking and to look after their health when they are pregnant. and it is women who find that they are banned from jobs where they are exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation.57) despite a growing body of scientific evidence that a man s exposure to damaging substances can. affect his offspring, pregnant women are still charged with the responsibility of keeping their infants healthy, said gladys friedler, of the boston university school of medicine. "this is puzzling", she said. "most of the workforce is still male, so why do we still spend so much time looking at women? the health of men as well as women should be of concern. "
in the us,2,500,000 children are born with birth defects each year. in 60 percent of cases the origin of the defect is not known.58) these figures do not include less obvious problems that appear later in development, such as biochemical malfunctions and behavioral problems.
many researchers still seem reluctant to contemplate that a man s environment can influence the health of children. "if the effects had not been so obvious, we might still be reluctant to acknowledge the effect of environmental agents on women. " despite this, there is a reluctance to accept the accumulated evidence of men s effects on development, she said.59) some companies have already taken steps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they teps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they might be exposed to dangerous substances. this has led to some bitter dis*s between the women and their employers in the us. the most famous case, now before the supreme court, pits a group of women and their union against johnson controls, a company which makes batteries.60) the company transferred women from higher-paying jobs where they were exposed to lead on the grounds that it had to protect unborn children. the irony is that children born to me
——英语四级考试中的高频词汇 40句菁华
1、ascribe vt.把…归咎于 【考】ascribe..to 归因于
2、automatically ad. 自动地
3、brilliant a.光辉的、辉煌的 【派】brilliance n.
4、disapprove vt. 不批准、不赞同 【派】disapproval n. 不赞同
5、instinct n.本能、直觉 【考】human instinct 人类本能
6、negative a.消极的
7、notify vt.通知、告诉 【派】notification n.
8、phenomenon n.现象
9、potential a.潜在的 【考】potential customer 潜在客户
10、priority n. 优先 【考】sth. is the top priority 优先考虑…
11、prompt vt.刺激、推动 【考】prompt sb. to do sth.
12、restore vt. 恢复、修复 【考】restore reputation 恢复名誉
13、restrain vt.遏制 【考】be restrained to do sth.
14、superior a.高级的、高等的 【考】be superior to 比…高级
15、vision vt. 视力、眼光
16、as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论
17、by accident (=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地，意外
18、(=at one's own risk) 自行负责
19、give sb. an account of 说明，解释（理由）
20、account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明
21、on no account (=in no case,by no means, for no reason) 绝不要，无论如何不要（放句首时句子要倒装）
22、in addition (=besides) 此外，又，加之
23、adhere to (=abide by, conform to, com* with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附；坚持，遵循
24、take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness) 利用
25、agree with 赞同（某人意见） agree to 同意
26、in the air 1)不肯定，不具体 2)在谣传中
27、above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是，最重要的
28、answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责
29、apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉
30、approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成 approve vt. 批准
31、on the average (=on average, on an average) *均
32、(be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness) 意识到，知道
33、at one's back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持，维护；have sb. at one's back 有…支持，有…作后台
34、turn one's back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬（某人），背弃，抛弃
35、on the basis of 根据…，在…基础上
36、benefit (from) 受益，得到好处
37、blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上
38、in any case (=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow) 无论如何
39、in no case 在任何情况下都不（放句首倒装句）
40、by chance(=accidentally, by accident) 偶然
——大学英语四级作文 (菁华9篇)
last month, i witnessed a food poisoning accident happening to my classmates. at that time the situation was really very dangerous and urgent. though finally they got out of danger, this accident is still vivid in my mind.
that day was julie's birthday, one of my classmates. in order to celebrate it, her roommates bought a big birthday cake for her from a supermarket nearby. they shared the cake happily. however, after a while, all of them felt abdominal pain, nausea and dizziness. two of them even cannot stand up because of great pain. we rushed to send them to the hospital. it turned out that the cake they ate had expired its guarantee period. futunately, due to timely treatment, they all recovered very soon.
however, this accident leaves me a deep ponder. i think it is very urgent to take effective measures to improve food safety. firstly, the government should strengthen supervision and administration on food safety. more importantly, to those who immoral businessmen, more strict punishment should be given. besides, we consumers should be more careful in buying food. only in this way can we make sure that no same accident happens.
free admissions to museums
1、越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是。
2、有的人认为这样做会带来一些问题。
3、在我看来。
本次四级考试作文题目较为简单，而且对于考生来说较为熟悉，与20xx年1月的四级考试的作文题目大学校园能否向游人开放极其类似，表面上属于社会类话题，实际上属于社会热点现象，但是从深层次分析，依然与我们大学生有密切关系，话题难度不大。进一步体现了作文题目的校园性与社会性的有机结合，还是侧重对于考生基本功的考查和测试。下面就题材和体裁两方面进行点评。
具体来说，首先在题材上，没有违背四级考试常考的与大学生生活相关，兼顾社会热点的原则，也在我们点点英语四级教学团队的授课范围之中，尤其是我们在临考前给出的冲刺预测作文中的句型和短语全部可以用在本次作文中，但又体现了细微变化，从上次四级考试的`关注白色污染，到这次的关注博物馆免费开放来看，命题重点悄悄的由原来侧重于校园中的学*类话题和校园中的学生的课余娱乐方面的话题向与大学生的社会生活有关的话题转移，这个话题对于广大考生来说并不陌生，当代大学生几乎都有去过博物馆的经历，肯定对于本话题有话可说，但是是否能顺利完成，依然取决于考生*时对英语中各类表达的积累和熟练程度，这比押题来得更重要，更有价值，这一点值得未来的考生注意。
free admissions to museums
1、越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是。
2、有的人认为这样做会带来一些问题。
3、在我看来。
本次四级考试作文题目较为简单，而且对于考生来说较为熟悉，与20xx年1月的四级考试的作文题目大学校园能否向游人开放极其类似，表面上属于社会类话题，实际上属于社会热点现象，但是从深层次分析，依然与我们大学生有密切关系，话题难度不大。进一步体现了作文题目的校园性与社会性的有机结合，还是侧重对于考生基本功的考查和测试。下面就题材和体裁两方面进行点评。
具体来说，首先在题材上，没有违背四级考试常考的与大学生生活相关，兼顾社会热点的原则，也在我们点点英语四级教学团队的授课范围之中，尤其是我们在临考前给出的冲刺预测作文中的句型和短语全部可以用在本次作文中，但又体现了细微变化，从上次四级考试的关注白色污染，到这次的关注博物馆免费开放来看，命题重点悄悄的由原来侧重于校园中的学*类话题和校园中的'学生的课余娱乐方面的话题向与大学生的社会生活有关的话题转移，这个话题对于广大考生来说并不陌生，当代大学生几乎都有去过博物馆的经历，肯定对于本话题有话可说，但是是否能顺利完成，依然取决于考生*时对英语中各类表达的积累和熟练程度，这比押题来得更重要，更有价值，这一点值得未来的考生注意。
it is descerned that（删掉）the number of pirate（private）houses had been on a（an）increase from 1990 to 20xx.in 1990, it was about 20 percent; in 1995 it was 40 percent; in 20xx, it was 80 percent.
there were some reasons for this fact. one of them was the improvement of peoples living conditions（condition）, all people wanted to own pirate houses.
on the other hand, peoples income was on a（an）increase, they could afford to buy pirate houses!
obviously, there were some good things resulted from this fact. such as it could improve chinese economy. but there were also some bad things, such as it took much time to go to work!
one morning i got up very early and everything around was very quiet. trees,grasses,and sidewalks were still covered with fresh dew. the sun was just rising out of the horizon, emitting streaks of red hue through clouds. i thought that i was an early bird and could enjoy the fresh air of the early morning alone. taking a walk in the park and breathing fresh air was the idea. therefure,i began to walk towards the park. however, when i arrived at the park, i fimnd, to my surprise, that there were so many people there. men and women of all ages were taking exercise in various ways. some were doing morning exercises,while others were jogging up and down the gravel path around the lake. young people were playing tennis. elderly people were playing sword or practising shadow boxing. dee* moved by what i saw, i joined them. while chatting with them i became aware of the advantages of physical exercises. they are conducive to health, stimulating blood circulation, decelerating aging and prolonging life. therefore, it is obvious that taking early morning walks makes a man healthy and wise.
it has been said that when people succeed，it is because of hard work and that luck has nothing to do with success．although i believe that hard work is very important and is the surest way to success for most people，i must disagree with this statement．it cannot be denied that luck often plays an important role in success．for example，many important discoveries have been made by accident．there have been many cases of researchers and inventors making major breakthroughs while they were actually trying to solve another problem or create a different device．
furthermore，there is something to be said for sim* being in the right place at the right time—perhaps meeting someone by chance who can offer a good job or rare opportunity．and of course，there are the rare examples of gamblers and lottery winners who beat the odds and achieve sudden and unexpected success．
while the influence of luck cannot be ignored，this is not to say that one should depend on it and ignore the value of hard work．if one is willing to work hard，i believe that success will eventually be achieved，with or without the added benefit of luck．moreover，hard work is often an essential ingredient of luck because it enables one to take advantage of a lucky encounter．if the scientist has not worked hard to develop his knowledge and skills，he may not recognize that lucky breakthrough when it comes along．therefore，my suggestion is not to count on luck to bring you success．instead，work hard and keep your eyes open for that lucky opportunity．
as is shown in the picture, a girl holding an admission notice is telling her mother, “good news mom! i was accepted to the college of your choice.” it indicates that parents have decided too much for their children.
in china, parents like to decide everything for their children, such as what extracurricular classes they should take, what kind of friends they should make, and even which college they should enter. however, this is not good for them. on one hand, children cannot truly grow up if they are not given the choice of making their own decisions by themselves. on the other hand, parents’ decisions are not always right. for example, if your child likes and excels in drawing and you insist letting him enter a business school, then you may become his dream-killer.
all in all, parents should give their children more space to make their own decisions.
thirdly, modern conveniences such as radio, tv, internet, various vehicles and labour-saving machines in the home, all greatly facilitate human communication, transportation and housework as well.
nevertheless, living in the 21st century also has its disadvantages. the most serious one is the increasingly polluted environment; air is filled with smog and water is contaminated by iehemicals from factories.another main disadvantage is the personalization of human relattonships which mostly result from people’s ever-increasing contact with machines and numbers. still one more disadvantage is the weakening of spiritual values. an undeniable fact is that a large number of people are solely interested in materialistic culture,while neglecting spiritual civilization. limited by space, we have to skip the examples.
in conclusion, although the 21st century has indeed given us a lot of advantages, it may not have made us wiser, because it has also made our earth dirtier, our people less humane, and our spirituali iife poorer, we shpuld continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancement,however, we must
make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in anihcreasingly impersonal, com*rized world.
三段法结构：首段：提出要论证的观点第二段：通过举例的方法论述观点末段：进一步表明观点的正确与否in the above picture appear .it reflects two distinct ，which arise from different attitudes toward . on the left represents those who are ，seeing 。with this attitude. in contrast， on the right，regarding .such attitude has an energizing effect，leading to enormous success in .for example.as seneca，an ancient roman philosopher，once put it，“almost any situation ——good or bad ——is affected by the attitude we bring to.”therefore，it is advisable to . 名言为古罗马哲学家西尼加所说：“任何一种处境，无论好坏，都受到我们面对处境的态度的影响。”在这里，名言警句可以根据具体所写内容所替换。所以，在准备的时候，多背几个名人的名言对我们写作是很有帮助的。
——大学英语四级作文 (菁华5篇)
in china, there’s a saying that "the landscape of guilin tops that of any other place under heaven." in light of this, i will recommend guilin as the first destination of my foreign friend’s trip to china.
overlooking the li jiang river, guilin is located in the northeast of guangxi. the name was derived from the cassia trees of the location. the trees line the streets of the town with yellow flowers blossoming every september, filling the air with sweet scent. guilin is a place of breath-taking scenery. from ancient times, guilin has been noted for its elegant landscape. it features beautiful mountains, clear rivers, grotesque rocks andmystic crags, which is a feast for the eyes. sitting on a bamboo raft drifting down the river, visitors can see the varied shapes of the pinnacles reflected in the water. they will feel as if they were in a scroll of chinese landscape painting.i believe that my foreign friend will marvel at the unparalleled beauty of guilin.
nowadays, more and more people are exchanging a great variety of imformation by using electronic mails instead of traditional ways of mailing letters. some people think that e-mail makes relationships among people closer, while some others maintain that makes people drift apart.
those who hold the former opinion insist that the appearence of e-mail makes communication quicker and more convenient. by e-mail people can deliver more information including pictures and sounds. however, some others think e-mail with the same format and printfont includes less emotion, then traditional letters written by hand. most people use e-mails to deliver information instead of feelings.
from my point of view, e-mail does bring great convenience for people, but it is not a better way to express our feelings than traditional letters. our hand-writing on the paper can deliver much emotion. therefore, when you want to express your love and care to someone, writing a letter to her or him by hand is a wise choice.
free admissions to museums
1、越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是。
2、有的'人认为这样做会带来一些问题。
3、在我看来。
本次四级考试作文题目较为简单，而且对于考生来说较为熟悉，与20xx年1月的四级考试的作文题目大学校园能否向游人开放极其类似，表面上属于社会类话题，实际上属于社会热点现象，但是从深层次分析，依然与我们大学生有密切关系，话题难度不大。进一步体现了作文题目的校园性与社会性的有机结合，还是侧重对于考生基本功的考查和测试。下面就题材和体裁两方面进行点评。
具体来说，首先在题材上，没有违背四级考试常考的与大学生生活相关，兼顾社会热点的原则，也在我们点点英语四级教学团队的授课范围之中，尤其是我们在临考前给出的冲刺预测作文中的句型和短语全部可以用在本次作文中，但又体现了细微变化，从上次四级考试的关注白色污染，到这次的关注博物馆免费开放来看，命题重点悄悄的由原来侧重于校园中的学*类话题和校园中的学生的课余娱乐方面的话题向与大学生的社会生活有关的话题转移，这个话题对于广大考生来说并不陌生，当代大学生几乎都有去过博物馆的经历，肯定对于本话题有话可说，但是是否能顺利完成，依然取决于考生*时对英语中各类表达的积累和熟练程度，这比押题来得更重要，更有价值，这一点值得未来的考生注意。
one morning i got up very early and everything around was very quiet. trees,grasses,and sidewalks were still covered with fresh dew. the sun was just rising out of the horizon, emitting streaks of red hue through clouds. i thought that i was an early bird and could enjoy the fresh air of the early morning alone. taking a walk in the park and breathing fresh air was the idea. therefure,i began to walk towards the park. however, when i arrived at the park, i fimnd, to my surprise, that there were so many people there. men and women of all ages were taking exercise in various ways. some were doing morning exercises,while others were jogging up and down the gravel path around the lake. young people were playing tennis. elderly people were playing sword or practising shadow boxing. dee* moved by what i saw, i joined them. while chatting with them i became aware of the advantages of physical exercises. they are conducive to health, stimulating blood circulation, decelerating aging and prolonging life. therefore, it is obvious that taking early morning walks makes a man healthy and wise.
in my opinion, the driver of benz auto should be blamed on(for) the traffic accident. it was his drunk driving that resulted in this accident.
it is not(no) doubt that the traffic accident is a high(hot) topic in the modern(modern) society, different people have different attitude (attitudes) to this.
when it come(comes) to the accident, people think it responsible for the driver. but last sunday i see(saw) a(an) accident. a woman crossed a street when a car turn(turned at) the crossing .it is too late to stop the car ,the women was bad(badly) hurt. the people who was walking along the street took the woman to hospital, (and) the driver came with them.
as far as(i am)concerned, the both sides have responsibility for this, begin(at the beginning), the woman shouldnot cross the street. forthemore, the driver should pay more attention. last. we should take proper measure .only (when) we take the measure and we(become)more careful can we have a colorful(life)tomorrow.
——英语四级常用短语 40句菁华
1、go back回去
2、look out留神;注意
3、move away搬走
4、run away逃跑
5、agree with同意……意见;符合;一致
6、ask for请求;询问
7、arrive at/in到达
8、feel like想要
9、hear of听说
10、laugh at嘲笑
11、look for寻找
12、stop...from阻止……做……
13、write down写下;记下
14、be short for是……的简称
15、take care of照料;照顾
16、have a drink of喝一点
17、by accident偶然地，意外
18、of one s own accord自愿地 ,主动地
19、in accordance with 依照，根据
20、adapt 改编， 改写
21、in addition to除 外
22、admit of 的可能，留有 的余地。
23、in advance 预告， 事先
24、take advantage of 利用
25、after all 毕竟，到底;
26、amount to 总计， 等于。
27、appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力
28、approve of 赞成， approve vt. 批准
29、arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排 做
30、attribute to 把.。归因于.., 认为.。是.。的结果
31、in the back of 在 后部; on the back of 在 后部; be on one s back 卧病不起。
32、begin with 以 开始. to begin with 首先， 第一
33、for the better 好转
34、get the better of 打败， 胜过。
35、blame sb. for sth. 因 责备某人.blame sth. on sb. 把 推在某人身上
36、be busy with sth。于某事。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
37、last but one 倒数第二。
38、be capable of 能够， 有能力 be capable of being 过去分词：是能够被 的
39、in case 万一;
40、in case of 如果发生 万一 in the case of 至于 , 就 而言